What evidence can be found that the USA went through social, political and economic change, due to its involvement in The Great War

- In the fall of 1914, automaker Henry Ford had financed the sailing of a "peace ship" to Europe. The passengers were pacifists, people who for political, moral, or religious reasons oppose all wars.
- In January 1915, a group of women led by Jane Addams held a peace conference in Washington, D.C.
- Conference leaders formed the Woman's Peace Party, which grew quickly but broke into smaller factions after the United States entered the war.
- Committee on Public Information (CPI) was a government agency created by President Woodrow Wilson in 1917, during World War I, to promote pro-war propaganda to the American public.
- One of the CPI's most successful propaganda campaigns was carried out by its "Four-Minute Men."
- Many people joined local Red Cross chapters, where they rolled bandages and packed supplies to send overseas.
- For many Americans, all things German became associated with disloyalty.
- In October 1917, Congress passed the War Revenue Act, which raised income tax rates and taxes on excess profits. It also reduced the level of taxable income to $1,000. As a result, the number of Americans paying income tax increased from 437,000 in 1916 to 4.4 million in 1918.
- Throughout the war, the government held rallies to promote the sale of Liberty Bonds.
- Thousands of ordinary citizens worked tirelessly selling war bonds in their hometowns.
- In July 1917, Woodrow Wilson created the War Industries Board (WIB) to direct industrial production.
- headed by stockbroker Bernard Baruch,had the authority to tell factories what goods to produce and how much to make.
- Wilson set up the Food Administration to oversee production and distribution of food and fuel.
- Herbert Hoover, the head of the Food Administration raised crop prices to encourage farmers to produce more food and began a campaign that urged Americans to conserve food and reduce waste.
- The number of federal employees more than doubled between 1916 and 1918.
- W. E. B. Du Bois urged blacks to serve in the military to show their loyalty and help gain greater equality.
- William Monroe Trotter argued that the federal government should be working to end discrimination at home before fighting for democracy overseas.
- As production of war materials rose, thousands of new jobs opened up in the North at the nation's steel and auto factories.Employers in northern cities desperately needed workers.
- Black newspapers urged southern blacks to leave home and take advantage of these opportunities in the North.
- Many southern blacks packed up and headed north(great migration)
- After the great migration, whites suddenly found themselves competing with blacks for jobs and housing.
- The racial tensions sparked riots. During the "red summer" of 1919, blood flowed in many cities, including the nation's capital.
- Early on the morning of July 30, 1916, a huge fire destroyed the Black Tom pier on the New Jersey waterfront.
- Rumors of enemy agents tried to enforce what they called "100 percent Americanism."And immigrants became their main target
- They sent the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) names of people they suspected of disloyalty.
- Congress passed the Espionage Act in 1917. It made it a crime to try to interfere with the military draft. It also set severe penalties for spying, sabotage, and vaguely defined "obstruction of the war effort."
- The Espionage Act also gave the postmaster general broad powers to refuse mail delivery of any materials that might encourage disloyalty.
- In 1918, Congress further cracked down on dissent by enacting the Sedition Act. This act made it a crime to say anything that was "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive" about the government.
- Many groups are against war, As Eugene V. Debs, head of the Socialist Party and Members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), known as Wobblies,spoke out against the war.
- In September 1917, federal agents raided 48 IWW meeting halls, seizing letters and publications. Later that month, 165 IWW leaders were arrested.
- In 1919, Schenck v. United States, a case involving the Espionage Act, reached the Supreme Court. Charles Schenck, a socialist, was charged with distributing leaflets to recent draftees, urging them to resist the military draft.
- After Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court has expanded its definition of free speech.
- the Court recognizes three types of protected speech. The first is pure speech, or the spoken word.The third type of protected speech is symbolic speech.

Compare and Contrast between "Captain Von Spiegel's Account" and "Beat the Hun Poster"

In Captain Von Spiegel's Account, Germans appear to have humanity and was forced to go to the war in order to protect their country from the powerful forces from the Allies. For example, Captain Von Spiegel describes war as a hard task master. But in the Beat Back the Hun Poster, the Germans were drawn as the "Huns", which indicates that the Germans are inhuman, cold blooded and ruthless.

Captain Von Spiegel's Account and the Beat Back the Hun Poster, all shows the war between Allied power and the Germans. Even though Captain Von Spiegel described the battle in a more moderate and calm way, and the Beat Back the Hun Poster in a violence way, the fact that they both attacked the Allies will not change.

Another comparison Captain Von Spiegel's Account and the Beat Back the Hun Poster is- They all shows that the Germans has advanced war machines and weapons which gets them ready for war between the Allies. An example in Captain Von Spiegel's Account is, "Then a frightful explosion followed, and we were all thrown against one another by the concussion, and then, like a Vulcan, huge and majestic, a column of water two hundred meters high and fifty meters broad, terrible in it's beauty and power, shot up to the heavens" The words describes the power that the German had in order to fight against Allied Power.

Chap22 - The Importance and Authenticity of the Zimmerman Telegram sec4

- Wilson suggested to settle the war peacefully, but Germany rejected it.
- So Wilson broke off diplomatic relations with Germany.
- In late February 1917,Britain had gotten hold of a coded telegram by the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German minister in Mexico.
- Zimmermann threatens that if the United States entered the war, Mexico and Germany will become allies.
- And it also stated that Germany would then help Mexico regain "lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona."
- The Zimmermann note created a sensation in the United States and stirred anti-German feeling across the nation.
- In conclusion, the Zimmerman Telegram was the main cause of America joining the war.
- The authenticity of the Zimmerman Telegram can be trusted due to the big movement of America's government and the speech that Wilson gave which was consider the declaration of war against the Central Powers.

Chapter 22 — From Neutrality to War sec1-3 notes

- Soon after the Great war began, Woodrow Wilson declared neutrality.
- But Americans offered loans and sell weapons and supplies to both sides in order to recover from a painful economic slowdown.
- On August 19, 1914, Wilson urged Americans to remain "impartial in thought, as well as action." And claimed that they have nothing to do with the conflict.
- In 1914, more than 32 million Americans—a full one third of the population—were either foreign born or the children of foreign-born parents had strong emotional ties to their homelands and found it hard to remain neutral.
- Though people in America took different sides, the majority of Americans favored the Allies.
- But America had economic ties to Britain or France.
- While Americans debated neutrality, the war raged on two fronts in Europe. On the eastern front, Russia quickly advanced into Germany and Austria-Hungary.About 250,000 Russians were killed.
- On the western front, German troops easily rolled across Belgium and into France.By the end of 1914, the war on the western front had turned into a long and bloody stalemate.
- Britain and Germany decided to win control of the seas.
- British ships turned back ships from United States which was carrying weapons, food, and other vital supplies to the Central powers.
- President Wilson complained to the British about stopping neutral ships, but he did not threaten to take action.
- Trade with Britain had given a boost to the sagging American economy, and U.S. banks and businesses were earning millions of dollars from loans and exports to the Allies. Many businesspeople in the United States openly supported the Allies.
- In February 1915, Germany planned to use U-boat to attack Britain. Even though a U-boat could allow the ship's crew and passengers to launch lifeboats before sinking the ship. But in practice, this strategy made no sense.Wilson protested that sinking merchant ships without protecting the lives of passengers and crews violated international law. He warned that the United States would hold Germany to "strict accountability" for any American casualties in such attacks.
- On May 7, 1915, a U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania without warning. Among the 1,198 dead were 128 Americans.
- Four months later, in August 1915, Germany sank a second British ship, the Arabic, killing two Americans.
- Wilson threatened to break off diplomatic relations with Germany if it did not stop surprise attacks.
- In 1915, Roosevelt disagreed to remain neutral and believed that preparedness for war was the best guarantor of peace.
- He called for an army of a million trained men and a navy larger than Great Britain's.
- For a time, though Wilson resisted calls to strengthen the military, but the submarine menace persuaded him that he had to increase the nation's readiness for war.So he pressed Congress to allocate money to double the size of the army and begin construction of the world's largest navy.